Jackelline Favro

This thesis aims to carry out, through three trials, an analysis of the Brazilian agribusiness between 2006 and 2016. The question that guides the work is to evaluate the industrial structure of the agroindustry and how this segment of the transformation industry impacts the generation in the regions where it is located. To do so, an analysis of the locational aspects of agroindustry is carried out focusing on the regional productive structure and the evaluation of public policy through the BNDES (National Bank of Economic and Social Development) disbursement. The first essay analyzes the factory that determine the growth of agribusiness establishments namely labor, cost, market demand, inputs, available labor, and industry specialization. For this, analysis, a procedure was performed in three stages: i) Exploration of Spacial Data Analysis (AEDE), which identified the factors that contribute to the growth of agroindustry establishments from 2006 to 2016, ii) estimation of the SAR model, which through a global spatial analysis, identified the factors that contribute to the growth of agroindustry establishments, and iii) estimation of the RPG model (Geographically Weighted Regressions) which allowed to carry out a local diagnosis and to verify how each variable affects the regions that were statistically significant. The results show the importance of the variables GDP per capita, workers with secondary education, locational quotient of agriculture and livestock production which had local effects on the growth of agribusiness establishments in the North and Northeast regions of the country of the period presented representative growth in their agroindustrial productive structures. The second essay analyzes, through agglomeration economies, how the local productive structure impacts the level of employment of the agroindustry. For that, the Exploratory Analysis of Spatial Data Analysis (AEDE) and the analysis of data in space panel considering the period from 2006 to 2016 were used as econometric tools. The results indicate that the local externalities of specialization have a positive impact on the level of employment of the agroindustry and that the level of employment in the agro-industry of the neighboring regions is also relevant for the growth of local employment. Finally, the purpose of the third essay is to carry out a public policy evaluation the generation of employment in the years 2009 and 2010, a period marked by the anticyclical policy adopted by the government to contain the impact of the international crises triggered in 2008. We used the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Differences-in-Differences (DID) matching methods to verify the effects of that policy. The results found in the study showed companies that received funding during the policy period. In summary, it can be evidenced through this thesis, that agroindustry plays an important role in the generation of employment and income in the different regions of the country and that the local productive structure especially the specialized production and the public policies of concession through the BNDES, contributed to the generation of employment in this productive segment over the period analyzed.