Presley Vasconcelos Amaral

This chapter objective to analyze the effects of social policies in the fight against poverty and income inequality in Brazil in the years 2016 and 2017. The microdata of the PNAD (National Household Sample Survey) were used in order to find the heads of households are living in poverty and observe the participation of social programs in the income of these individuals. For this purpose, a logit model estimation and inequality and poverty index calculations were performed. The results show that there is income inequality by gender and that female heads of households have a greater share of their income in social programs than men. When analyzed by schooling, the participation of social programs in income reduces as the number of years of study increases. The intensity and severity of poverty were found to be higher among female heads of households. For social programs, the estimates show their positive effects on the immediate relief of poverty. However, it was found that heads of household non-white, residents of the rural region and the Northeast of Brazil have a greater chance of experiencing poverty in Brazil. The purpose of this article is identifying the impacts generated by social policies on female labor supply. The research uses information from the PNAD (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio) provided by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) for the years 2016 and 2017. As an applied methodology, it was made the estimation of logit models to identify the chances of labor market participation and the propensity score matching method was also carried out in order to form pairs to analyze the effects of public policies, as the Bolsa Família Program. The results of the estimation of the logit model suggest that people with low levels of schooling, nonwhites and living in rural habitation are more likely to do not participate in the labor market. On the other hand, the results found suggest that, for PBF beneficiaries, the effects were positive, regarding engagement in the labor market.